Salvador Dalí Doménech biography
Born in Figueres, Girona, Spain in 15-05-1904.
Died in Figueres, Girona, Spain in 23-01-1989
Style: Surrealism mainly.
Salvador Dalí was born in a bourgeois family of Ampurdán. His father, Salvador Dalí Cusí was a solicitor but very attracted to the arts. This was to have a big influence on the young Salvador Dalí.
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He went to the Primary School of Figueres and to La Salle High School in the same town.
At the age of ten, Dalí painted regulary, especially portraits of his family members and landscapes.
At the age of 12, Dalí went to the school of the Maristas brothers, the high school and also the Municipal School of Drawing, managed by Juan Núñez Fernández. It was he who would discover the potential of the artist. |
Already in 1919 - 1920 Dali was working with an impressionist style. He was a magnificent writer as well as a painter.
His first articles appeared in a local magazine called "Studium". In his articles and books he describes his work and life grounds.
In 1919 he ahibited his work with other local artists (Josep Banaterra and Josep Montoriol) in the Concert Society of Figueres.
In 1922 he started art studies in San Fernando University of Madrid, where he would remain until 1926, when he is expelled.
During those years of college he makes friends with other spanish artists like Luis Buñuel (famous cinema director), Federico García Lorca (memorable writer) and others. |
| These were a very revolutionary group. And they also started the Ultraism artisticmovement in the arts, literature and cinema in Spain. At the same time he was taking lessons with Julio Moisés in his "Free Academy" where Dali would meet important people like Benjamín Palencia, Francisco Bores and Maruja Mallo. |
In 1925 he collaborated in the first Iberic Artists Exposition in Madrid. It was then, when he shown that he dominated the european styles: the post-cubism, the purism and the new figurations.
Dali had easy access to european art magazines like "L'Espirit Noveau" (1920-1925) or "Valora Plastici" (1918-1921), what kept him informed of all the new cultural movements.
At the end of 1921 he exhibited individually for the first time in the Dalmau Gallery in Barcelona. |
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In February 1926 he presented in Madrid two of his first famous paintings: Venus and Person at the Window, in an exhibition called "Catalan Moden Art".
In 1926 he traveled to Nederlands, where he admired the flamenco art.
Also in this year, his close friend Federico García Lorca wrote the famous "Oda a Salvador Dalí" which waas publish in the prestigious magazine "Revista de Occidente".
In December that year, he exhibited for the second time in the Dalmau Gallery in Barcelona.
He was really close with lorca and inspired him to write "Sant Sebastiá", publised in "L'Amic de les Arts" in Sitges in July 1927, where he mentioned the irony of their new art. |
His first surrealist pictures were painted in Catalonia. "Honey os sweeter than blood" and "Hand and Machine" were sent to Saló de Tardor in Barcelona 1927.
The same year he designed the decoration for Lorca's play "Mariana Pineda" and also for "The Harlequin Family" of Adriá Gual.
In the spring of 1928 Lorca and Dali broke their friendship. Dali acused Lorca of writing folklore non modern poetry.
In March 1928, Dali signed the "Manifest Groc" (Manifest Antiartistic Catalá) next to Sebastiá Gasch and Lluís Montanyá. |
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In the summer of 1929 Dali met Gala (Helena Diakonoff), who came with her husband, the poet Paul Elvard, to Cadaquez. Since the moment they met, they became inseparable. So Gala decided to leave her husband.
In 1930, Dali collaborated with Luis Buñuel with the |
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script of the movie "La Edad de Oro" (It waas a big success in Sapnish cinemas).
In 1931-32 and 33, the Pierre Colle Gallery of Paris celebrated an individual exhibition of Salvador Dalí paintings, it was very succesful.
Years before the war Dali was a celebrity as the 14th of December 1936 he was at the |
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front page of the "Times" magazine.
He worked in USA between 1933 and 1939. He designed jewelry, speak in art conferences and worked for Hollywood movie makers designing the scenes settings. In those years he finished his relationship with surrealist group of artists.
In November 1942 the Museum of Modern Art of New York exposed 50 of his paintings, 17 drawings nad six jewelry designs. The exposition was very succesful and repeted in other eight cities of the United States, that made him rich |
and famous.
Dali created publicity for the Vogue Magazine.
Also, the artist designed and created the "Venus Dream Pabellion" for the World Exposition 1939. He worked with lots of cinema people designing the scene settings. In 1945, Dali acted in a secuence of Alfred Hitchcock movie, "Spellbound". |
In 1948, Dali cames back to Spain and settle down in Port Lligat (Catalonia). Surprised everyone when he said that he is felt deeply religious and catholic and a General Francisco Franco follower.
Three years after, in 1951, he published the "Manifesto Místico", where he talked about his new artistic attitude: deep religious feeling and the admiration for the great art masters.
This period is called "Mistic-nuclear" . The atomic explotion on Hiroshima (6-August-1945) affected him emotionally and artisticly.
The mistic-nuclear period will last until the 70s. |
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| In these years he was obssesed about The Angelus of Millet. He studied the painting deeply and wrote a book in 1963 called "The tragic myt of the Angelus of Millet". Where he explained the process he suffered until he got all those delirant pictures. |
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At the end of the 50s he was close to the american Abstract Expresionism.
Dali did not start any artistic movement, but many painters were influence by his work.
Dali wrote a biography in 1942 called "The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí", very well recieved by the public. |
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He had the public recognition the last 15 years of his life, nationally and internationally.
In 1974 was inaugu¡rated a Museum-Theatre of Dali In Figueres.
In 1982 (year that Gala died) is inaugurates the Salvador Dali Museum of St. Petesbourg in Florida, USA.
The spanish King, Juan Carlos I, mentioned him Marqués de Púbol.
In 1983, the Foundation Gala-Salvador Dali was created in Figueres.
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